Overbite Correction Using a Functional Appliance

In a growing patient with a significant overbite caused by a short lower jaw, a functional appliance can be used.  The appliance holds the lower jaw forward for 10-12 months until the teeth and jaws have adapted to the new, correct position.  Braces are worn in conjunction with the functional appliance and continue to be worn after the appliance is removed to finalize bite correction and tooth alignment.  This patient was treated for a total of  2 years and 5 months.

 

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After

 

 

Profile photographs below show improved facial balance resulting from functional appliance treatment and braces.  The Lower jaw is moved forward to correct the bite. 

 

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After

 

 

In the intra-oral photographs below, you can see that before treatment, the lower jaw is back.  The upper front teeth are flared forward and there is a space between the top teeth.  After treatment, the lower jaw has come forward and upper teeth angulations and spacing is corrected

 

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After

 

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The X-rays show the relative position of the jaws and teeth before and after treatment.

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After

Cases such as this demonstrate why it is so critical to have children evaluated by an orthodontist at a fairly early age.  If this patient were not treated in her youth while she was still growing, this type of result could not be achieved.  Adults with this type of malocclusion require jaw surgery to reset the bones in order achieve similar results.  

 

 

 

How To Take Care of Braces

There are a number of reasons why someone might need braces on their teeth, despite the stigma that once came with having them. From crooked, gapped or crowded teeth, to overbites and underbites, the idea is to wear them for as long as is necessary to fix the condition and not a moment longer. As expensive and inconvenient as these devices can be, the best way to avoid wearing them any longer or having to get them repaired is to take proper care of them from the start. This can be accomplished with a few good oral hygiene habits and a touch of common sense.

1.) Brush carefully

If you ever took brushing for granted in the past, you'll need to develop some more consistent and meticulous brushing habits. Brushing after every single meal is one of the best ways to avoid trapping food particles and bacteria that might cause cavities. It might hurt a bit at first to brush, but this should go away after the first week. Keep in mind that there are special toothbrushes designed specifically for this purpose, allowing you to get into those hard-to-reach places.

2.) Floss regularly

Although flossing might seem incredibly difficult with braces, it's actually more important than ever before, since there are that many more places where food can get caught. Ask your dentist or orthodontist about flossing techniques to help you get behind the main arch wire and up to the gum area. There are also special flossers available to make this easier.

3.) Stay away from certain foods

Your orthodontist will give you a list of foods to stay away from that you should pay special attention to. This is likely to include hard, sticky, chewy and crunchy foods. Hard foods like nuts and hard candies can actually damage the wires and most of the others on the list can get easily stuck in places that are hard to reach. In addition, it is often recommended that you stick to soft foods for the first few days, avoiding tough meats, raw vegetables and hard bread.

4.) Wear a mouthguard when necessary

This applies primarily to athletes who participate in contact sports where there might be a chance of getting hit in the mouth. Wrestling, martial arts and football are a few examples of activities where there's a greater chance of either damaging your orthodontics, or possibly even causing injury to the soft tissues of the mouth.

5.) Don't miss any dental appointments

Your orthodontist will expect to see you regularly, to check your progress. Treatment time varies from one patient to another and these follow-up appointments are necessary to make any adjustments and further recommendations, based on how well your particular treatment is progressing. If there is any damage to your braces, this is the time to get it fixed. Most orthodontists will take care of any normal or common repairs, but don't expect them to cover damage due to neglect or missing appointments. Remember not to miss any non-orthodontic dental appointments, either.

The length of time you have to wear your braces can range from a few months to a couple years, or more. Until it's time for them to come off, it's important that you take better care of your teeth than you ever have in the past and treat your orthodontics with the very same care, as though they were a part of your own mouth. Think of them as an investment not only in financial terms, but also in terms of what they will do for your appearance in the years to come. 

Ten New Year’s Resolutions To Improve The Brain

In order to stay healthy and vital, the mind needs regular attention like all parts of the body. Follow these suggested resolutions for improved brain function.

Improve Your Diet

The brain thrives on a healthy diet. Incorporate an abundance of fresh fruits and vegetables into your daily meals to ensure your brain receives the nutrients it requires to function at its best.

Eat Less Sugar

Sugar contributes significantly to the condition we refer to as “brain fog.” Avoid high carbohydrate foods when you need your brain to function at its highest level.

Read Two Books A Month

Reading engages the brain in physical activity. Look up new words and memorize them. Read a mix of fiction and non-fiction titles for a blend of entertainment and education.

Keep A Journal Or Diary

Keeping a daily journal lets the brain know the things that are important to you. By writing them you are reinforcing their place of importance in the brain. These events will be easier to recall at a later time.

Write About Your Family

Record the fun and exciting events of family life in notebooks. From a baby’s first tooth to the six year old riding a bike with no training wheels, you will remember details better if you have written them down. Your children and grandchildren will appreciate the stories too.

Learn A Language

The world is as close as the Internet, and knowing a second or third language is a definite asset in both your business and personal pursuits. Learning a new language is an excellent brain exercise.

Quality Sleep

Get good quality sleep every night to enhance brain function. Quality sleep refreshes and recharges the brain for the next day’s challenges.

Take Walks

Walking is good exercise and improves circulation, which is critical for a healthy brain. A good walk “clears the brain” and strengthens the memory. Daily walking can help improve the memory of senior citizens.

 

Play Word And Number Games

Crossword puzzles, Scrabble, Sudoku, and other word and number puzzle games create mind-stimulating challenges for the brain. Playing “thinking” types of games on a consistent basis keeps the brain functioning at a healthy level.

Never Stop Learning

When the brain is called upon to learn new things, the challenge stimulates and improves overall brain function.

Making healthy New Year’s resolutions for your brain results in improved memory and increased brain function.   

Urban Legends of the Orthodontic World

There are a lot of urban legends and myths about orthodontists and their services. Some of these have become so commonplace that they are now inseparable from the actual facts. As an orthodontist, I feel it is my responsibility to educate both my patients and the public so that they can have a clear understanding of what I do and how I can help them. With that in mind, I’d like to take a few minutes to debunk some of the common orthodontic urban legends and myths.

Myth One: I don’t need an orthodontist because my general dentist can take care of the problem.

 While your general dentist is undoubtedly a talented and educated professional, when you have a dental issue that falls into the realm of orthodontics you should see a specialist (orthodontist). Why? Orthodontists receive more specialized formal education than a general dentist. Not only do orthodontists complete four years of dental school, they also receive 2-3 additional years of intensive clinical and didactic training. This greater knowledge base allows for more efficient treatment times with more consistent treatment results.

Myth Two: Only children or teens need to visit an orthodontist. 

Some people believe that braces are only for children or teens. They are often surprised to find that orthodontists treat adults on a regular basis. In fact, the number of adult patients is on the rise. According to the New York Times, between 1994 and 2010, the number of Americans over 18 getting either braces or some type of teeth-straightening treatment from an orthodontist went from 680,000 per year to 1.1. million per year (Newman, 2012). Adult patients now make up approximately 22% of orthodontic patients in the US. No matter your age, dental health and a dazzling smile can be achieved and often times, orthodontics is a key component in reaching that goal.

Myth Three: Braces are just for cosmetic purposes and aren’t necessary for my dental health.

While braces can definitely help you get that beautiful smile, they aren’t just for cosmetic improvement. Well aligned teeth can facilitate good oral hygiene making it easier to prevent tooth decay and gum disease. In addition, resolving certiain orthodontic problms with the use of braces can improve your ability to speak, chew, and even breathe.

Myth Four: Getting braces is extremely painful. 

Adults and children alike often associate braces with pain. This may stem from a painful dental experience in the past. Fortunately, there is no pain involved in putting on braces or adjusting the wires. Only several hours after the proceduere do the teeth become sensitive to pressure. This pain is not a toothache. The teeth only hurt when they are biting into solid foods. If the teeth are apart, no pain is felt. This sensitivity to pressure gradually diminishes over the coure of 2-4 days. If you ever feel a sharp or stabbing pain that is persistent consult with your orthodontist to make sure there aren't any problems.

Myth Five: My braces will set off metal detectors (like those in airports) and cause me to be struck by lightning.

 No, none of the above. Braces can be made of a variety of materials; however, metal alloys are the most common material. Because the metal used is so light weight, they will not trigger any security systems in the airport or anywhere else. As for lightning, with or without braces your chances of gettting struck by lightning are the same. 1 out of 775,000 (Dr. Cooper, n.d.).

These are just a few of the urban legends and myths associated with orthodontics. If you have additional concerns or questions about orthodontics and orthodontists feel free to set up an initial consultation with me. I’ll be happy to provide you with all the information you are looking for.

Resources

Cooper, M. A. (n.d.). Medical Aspects of Lightning. Retrieved from http://www.lightningsafety.noaa.gov/medical.htm

Newman, A. A. (2012). Orthodontists Market to Adults Seeking Prettier Smiles. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/02/business/media/orthodontists-market-to-adults-seeking-prettier-smiles.html

Celebrating the Holidays with Braces

What foods to eat and what foods to avoid this holiday season

With Thanksgiving already here and December clearly in site, the holiday season is really getting underway. It’s an exciting time of the year because there’s so much to look forward to including time off from school and work, family gatherings, gift giving and receiving, decorations, and let’s not forget the food! The holiday season brings with it fabulous foods that you probably don’t get to indulge in the rest of the year. Unfortunately, a lot of these delicious, mouth watering dishes pose a real problem to individuals with braces. To help, I’ve created two lists to guide individuals with braces safely through any holiday feast.

The Naughty List
If you have braces beware of the foods I’ve placed on the naughty list this year. Indulging in these foods could result in damage to your braces including loose bands, broken wires, or detached brackets. Damage can be costly, painful, and prolong treatment time.

Here are some of the foods to avoid this holiday season:

Carmel Candy
Candy Canes
Hard Breads
Peanut Brittle
Pecan Pie
Popcorn (Kernels)
Cranberries and Cranberry Sauce - may stain clear ties.
Snack Mix - typically contains nuts and hard pretzels which should be avoided.
Vegetable Trays - raw, hard vegetables like carrots need to be cut up.
Hard Cookies - go for soft cookies or soak hard cookies in milk. Watch out for nuts!

In general, you should limit your intake of foods and beverages (such as soda) that contain high amounts of sugar. Sugar is eaten by the bacteria that live in the mouth; in turn, the bacteria excrete acids which lead to tooth decay and cavities.

The Nice List
This holiday season, try to pick foods that I’ve placed on the nice list whenever possible. Play it safe! I’m sure no one wants to be spending the day after Thanksgiving at the orthodontist’s office. Here are some foods to enjoy this holiday season:

Turkey
Ham
Cooked Vegetables
Soft Breads
Stuffing
Mashed Potatoes
Deviled Eggs
Pumpkin Pie
Sweet Potato Pie
Chocolate Pie

Enjoy your holiday season; spend it with your friends, family and colleagues - not your orthodontist! The best way to do that, if you wear braces, is to follow the naughty and nice lists I’ve created. If you see a dish on your dinning room table that isn’t on my lists the best way to evaluate it is to ask yourself these two questions:

1. Is it sticky and/or chewy?
2. Is it hard - if I bit into it, would it go crunch?

If the answer is yes to either of the above questions than avoid that food! Move on to other, friendlier dishes. I know this means giving up some of your favorite foods but in the long run, it’ll be worth it because you’re going to have a beautiful smile, and isn’t that one of the best holiday gifts you could give yourself?

Narrow Smile

This patient came to me because she did not like how narrow her smile looked.



Because the back teeth do not fill out the full width of the smiling lips and mouth, in most lighting there are shadows that cast in the sides of the mouth when she smiles leaving a darkness in the corners of the mouth.  In orthodontic language, these dark shadows are called "buccal corridors."

The narrowness of the upper portion of her upper jaw resulted also in a protrusion of the upper teeth.

This is the most dramatic view of the narrowness of her jaw. 

  

This is the same picture of her upper teeth after braces.  She elected to wear a permanent retainer which is what you see bonded to the back of her front teeth.

You can see the improvement in the width of the jaws.  I also manicured the edges of her incisors so they have the correct shape and contours.

The overbite was corrected.



You can see the dramatic improvement in her smile! 

Teenager With Dental Crowding and Overbite

This young lady came in to my office when she was almost 12 years old. She and her mother were concerned with the crowding of her teeth.
   

When she smiled it was evident that she had "crooked teeth."  This was a result of a crowding problem.  The teeth that had grown in were too large for the current size of her jaws. 

One common presentation of crowding seen here is that the front two teeth (central incisors) are more forward than the teeth adjacent to them (lateral incisors).  Also, the canine teeth or "eye teeth" are out too far toward the lips and cheeks. 

 

This patient also had an overbite.  This means that the top teeth are more anteriorly positioned in the face than the bottom teeth.  Also, there will often be a forward angulation to the top front teeth as you can see here particularly of the central incisors.  This forward angulation is often referred to in orthodontic terms as flaring or dental protrusion. 

This is a view of the crowding of the upper teeth looking up into the mouth.

The bottom teeth also had some crowding but it was mild compared with the upper teeth.

This is a cephalometric x-ray that shows the teeth from the side.  This image helps the orthodontist to see more clearly the angulation of the front teeth, the amount of overbite, as well as how the jaws are developing.  The field of orthodntics has developed hundreds of ways to analyze these x-rays to help understand current jaw positions, identify facial growth patterns, and evaluate tooth angulations.  Average, normative values have been suggested which can help the orthodontist to quantify the severity of the problems as they relate to treatment goals. 

This is the final x-ray after the overbite has been corrected.  You can see that the tongue-facing surfaces of the top front teeth are resting on the lip-facing surfaces of the bottom front teeth.  This is the correct position of the teeth.  

Her jaws were expanded to accommodate the crowded teeth leaving her with a beautiful, broad smile.

Tooth alignment has been achieved using braces.

Overbite correction has been achieved using orthodontic elastics.  Elastics work by moving groups of teeth.  Specifically in this case, the top teeth were pulled back and the bottom teeth were pulled forward.  The elastics are attached to certain braces that have "hooks" designed to hold the elastics in place.  Consistency with elastic wear is very important to the success of this type of treatment.  Optimal tooth movement occurs with 20 or more hours of elastic wear per day.  Since patients are able to put the elastics in and take them out by themselves, they must be committed to keeping them in.  Parental reminders don't hurt either :)  Usually, elastics are removed while eating and brushing and flossing.  Otherwise, they are worn full time.     

You can see the broadness of the dental arches which contributes to her beautiful smile.

Happy Mother and Daughter!!!